Architecture of PDH

Telephony Voice, Network Evolution, The start of Data Transmission, PCM encoding of Voice, CEPT PCM30 (E1) Structure, Signalling CAS & CCS, Multiplexing E1 to E2, PDH – the CEPT Hierarchy, PDH drop and insert, How PDH can be Improved.    

Architecture of SDH, SONET & WDM

The emergence of SDH & SONET, What are SDH & SONET, SDH & SONET rates, SDH & SONET benefits, SONET Multiplexing structure, SDH Multiplexing structure, SONET Definitions, SDH Definitions, Scrambling, The Emergence of WDM & DWDM.    

Multiplexing, Overheads, Pointers, Stuffing & Numbering

SDH & SONET Multiplexing, SDH & SONET Pointers, Pointer adjustment operation and processing, Section and Line Overheads, Asynchronous and bit/byte Synchronous mapping, Concatenation, Numbering Schemes.       

Fibre Optics, WDM & DWDM

Fibre Optics, Principles of WDM & DWDM, Classification of Optical Interfaces, Reference Model, Terminal Equipment Functionality.      

SDH, SONET & WDM Equipment and Deployment Issues

Network Planning issues, Topologies, Network elements, Hierarchical Networks, WDM and DWDM equipment types, ITU-T WDM & DWDM grid, The Photonic layer, Integration of ATM, IP and SDH over (D)WDM.

SDH, SONET & WDM Standards

Relationship of Standards bodies, New standards for Optical Systems, WDM & DWDM, ITU-T recommendations, ETSI standards. 

Synchronous Rings

Ring architectures, Transport network structure, Ring use as cross-connect, Traffic patterns, Ring failure conditions, Use of matched nodes, Capacity Utilisation, Network architecture application.