The Definitive Guide to: GPS, RFID, Wi-Fi, and other Wireless Location-Based Services

Table of Contents

1. Introduction

1.1. Overall Purpose

1.2 What are Wireless Location-Based Services (LBS)?

1.3 Why Are Location-Based Services Important?

1.4 What is The Difference Between Wireless and Wireline LBS?

1.5 The North American LBS Forecast – Revenue, Hot Applications, and Why

1.6 What is The Global Positioning System (GPS), and Why Is It Such An Important Part of Location-Based Services?

1.6.1 GPS Overview

1.6.2 Why GPS is Important For LBS

1.6.3 “Conventional” GPS versus Assisted-GPS

1.6.4 Why GPS alone is not enough

1.6.4.1 GPS-Based versus Network-Based Location Determination

1.6.4.2 RFID

1.6.4.3 Location-Enabled Wi-Fi/802.11x

1.7 The Future of GPS

1.7.1 Galileo

1.7.2 QZSS

1.7.3 Beidou/Compass

1.7.4 GLONASS

1.8 A Quick (and Humorous) Profile of The Evolution of LBS in the U.S, and Why It Took So Darn Long…

1.9 What took so long?

1.10 LBS Opportunity Overview

1.11 Why LBS Applications Fail

2. 2009-2012 LBS North American Forecast and Market Drivers

2.1 North American Forecast

2.1.1 Analysis

2.1.2 Bottom Line

2.2 United States/Canada/ Forecast and Market Drivers

2.2.1 United States

2.2.2 Canada

3. The LBS Ecosystem

3.1 Overview

3.2 Map Data Providers

3.2.1 Overview

3.2.2 Map Data Components

3.2.2.1 Attribute Data

3.2.2.2 Feature Representation

3.2.2.3 Spatial Relationships and Analysis

3.2.2.4 Coordinate Systems and Map Projection

3.2.2.5 Spatial Data Encoding

3.2.2.5.1 Vector Data

3.2.2.5.2 Raster Data

3.2.2 Key Players

3.2.2.1 NAVTEQ

3.2.2.2 TeleAtlas

3.2.2.3 Specialty Data Providers

3.2.2.3.1 AirSage

3.2.2.3.2 Clear Channel Communications

3.2.2.3.3 Dash Navigation

3.2.2.3.4 Inrix

3.2.2.3.5 NAVTEQ/Traffic.com

3.2.2.3.6 Westwood One/ Metro Networks

3.3 Geospatial/Location Platform Providers

3.3.1 Overview

3.3.2 Key Players

3.3.2.1 Autodesk (Now part of Telecommunications Systems)

3.3.2.2 deCarta

3.3.2.3 Google Maps

3.3.2.4 Networks in Motion (NIM)

3.3.2.5 Skyhook Wireless

3.4 Application Providers

3.4.1 Overview

3.4.2 Key Players

3.4.2.1 Enterprise Applications

3.4.2.1.1 Smarter Agent

3.4.2.1.2 Zoospi

3.4.2.2 Navigation

3.4.2.2.1 TeleNav (Supplier to Carriers)

3.4.2.2.2 Telmap

3.4.2.2.3 Portable Navigation Devices (e.g. Garmin, Tom Tom, Magellan, Trimble)

3.4.2.3 Safety and Security (includes Family Finder)

3.4.2.3.1 AEN911

3.4.2.3.2 Wavemarket

3.4.2.4 Social Networking

3.4.2.4.1 DialPlus

3.4.2.4.2 Loopt

3.4.2.4.3 TEN23 (Spotjots)

3.4.2.4.4 Whrrl

3.5 Devices

3.5.2 Overview

3.5.3 Key Players

3.5.2.1 Nokia

3.5.2.2 Research In Motion (Blackberry)

3.6 LBS-Related Chipset Manufacturers

3.6.2 Overview of GPS Chipset Dimensions

3.6.2 Key Players

3.6.2.1 Qualcomm

3.6.2.2 Sirf (CDR)

3.6.3 Key Trends/Predictions

3.7 LBS Aggregators

3.7.1 Overview

3.7.2 Key Players

3.7.2.1 Alcatel Lucent

3.7.2.2 Loc-Aid

3.7.2.3 ulocate

3.7.2.4 Useful Networks

3.7.2.5 WaveMarket

3.7.3 Key Trends/Predictions

3.8 Carriers

3.8.1 Overview

3.8.2 Key Players

3.8.2.2 AT&T Mobility

3.8.2.2.1 Navigation (AT&T Navigator)

3.8.2.2.2 Family Finder (AT&T FamilyMap)

3.8.2.2.3 Social Networking (Loopt)

3.8.2.2.4 Mobile Resource Management (TeleNav and Xora)

3.8.2.3 Bell Mobility

3.8.2.3.1 Navigation

3.8.2.3.2 Famliy Finder (Seek and Find)

3.8.2.4 Sprint Nextel

3.8.2.4.1 Navigation (Sprint Navigator)

3.8.2.4.2 Family Finder (Sprint Family Locator)

3.8.2.4.3 Social Networking (Loopt)

3.8.2.4.3 Mobile Resource Manaqement

3.8.2.5 Telus

3.8.2.5.1 Navigation (TELUS Navigator)

3.8.2.5.2 Family Finder

3.8.2.5.3 Mobile Resource Management

3.8.2.6 T-Mobile

3.8.2.7 Verizon Wireless

3.8.2.7.1 Navigation

3.8.2.7.3 Family Finder (Chaperone)

3.8.2.7.4 Social Networking (Loopt)

3.8.2.7.5 Mobile Resource Manaqement

3.9 Location Infastructure Providers

3.9.1 Andrews Corporation

3.9.2 Broadcom

3.9.3 OpenWave

3.9.4 TeleCommunication Systems (TCS)

3.9.5 TruePosition

4. Consumer LBS Applications

4.1 Overview

4.1.1 The Navigation Platform: In-Vehicle versus Portable - Which will win?

4.2 Consumer/Children Safety and Security (Family Finder)

4.2.1 Overview

4.2.2 Key Requirements

4.3 Mobile Social Networking

4.3.1 Overview

4.3.2 Key Requirements

4.4 Location-Based Mobile Games

4.4.1 Overview

4.4.2 Key Requirements

4.5 Location-Based Entertainment

5 Business and Government Opportunities

5.1 Functional Opportunities

5.1.1 Mobile Resource Management (MRM)

5.1.1.1 Overview

5.1.1.3 Key Players

5.1.1.3.1 ActSoft

5.1.1.3.2 TeleNav

5.1.1.3.3 Xora (includes GearWorks)

5.1.2 Mobile Asset Management (MAM)

5.1.2.1 Safety and Security

5.1.2.2 Complex Process Simplification

5.2 Business/Industry Vertical Opportunities

5.2.1 Overview

5.2.2 Agriculture

5.2.3 Archaeology

5.2.4 Consumer Products

5.2.5 Construction

5.2.6 Financial Services

5.2.7 Health Care

5.2.8 Insurance

5.2.9 Manufacturing

5.2.10 Media

5.2.11 Medical

5.2.12 Outdoor Recreation and Management

5.2.13 Public Safety (Beyond E911 or Consumer Safety Apps)

5.2.14 Real Estate

5.2.15 Retail

5.2.16 Security Services

5.2.17 Shopping Malls

5.2.18 Stadium Management

5.2.19 Transportation

5.2.20 Utilities

5.2.21 Wireless E911

5.2.22 Zoo Management

5.3 Technology-Based Opportunities

5.3.1 RFID Applications – Current and Future

5.3.1.1 RFID Issues

5.3.1.2 Bottom Line

5.3.2 Location-Enabled Wi-Fi/802.11x

5.3.2.1 Overview

5.3.2.2 Health Care

5.3.2.3 Manufacturing

5.3.2.4 Warehousing and Distribution

5.3.2.5 Campus Environments

5.3.3 Convergent Opportunities

5.3.3.1 Cellular/Wi-Fi

5.3.3.2 Cellular/RFID

6. Identifying LBS Opportunities

6.1 Niche versus “Mass’ Markets

6.1.1 The LBS Application “Wheel”^TM

6.1.2 The Case For Niche Markets

6.1.2.1 Functionality Packaging

6.1.2.1.2 Device Selection

6.1.2.1.3 Map Data Selection

6.1.2.1.4 Network Architecture Design

6.1.2.1.5 Location-Determination Method Selection

6.1.2.1.6 Business Model Design

6.1.2.2 Niche Product Marketing

6.1.3 The (Lesser) Case For Mass Markets

6.1.4 WHY LBS APPLICATIONS FAIL! (Continued)

6.1.4.1 Poorly Identified Opportunities

6.1.4.2 Poorly Articulated Customer Value Proposition

6.2 LBS Opportunity Psychology

6.2.1 “Want” Versus “Need” (Discretionary versus Necessity)

6.2.2 First To Market versus Fast Follower. Which To Choose?

7. How To Market Location-Based Applications

7.1 WHY LBS APPLICATIONS FAIL (continued)!

7.2 Packaging The Value Proposition

7.3 Leveraging Your Partners

Appendices

A. Appendix-LBS Positioning Determination Technologies - GPS And Terrestrial-Based Technologies

A.0 Introduction to Positioning Systems

A.0.1 Position versus Location
A.0.2 Introduction To Positioning
A.0.3 Location Determination Methods for Mobile Applications

A.1 Satellite-based Technologies Overview

A.1.1 Geostationary Satellites
A.1.1 Medium Earth Orbits
A.1.2 Low Earth Orbit Satellites
A.1.3 Elliptical Orbit Satellites

A.2 The Global Positioning System

A.2.1 Overview
A.2.2 GPS Coverage
A.2.3 GPS Calculations

A.2.3.1 Satellite Position Determination
A.2.3.2 Calculation of a GPS Device’s Distance from A Satellite
A.2.3.3 GPS Device Location Calculation
A.2.3.4 GPS Error Sources

A.2.3.4.1 Selective Availability
A.2.3.4.2 Tropospheric Delays
A.2.3.4.3 Ionosphere Delays
A.2.3.4.4 Multi-Path Delays
A.2.3.4.5 GDOP/Visibility Delay

A.2.3.5 GPS Calculation Refinement

A.2.3.5.1 Pseudo-Ranges
A.2.3.5.2 Differential Correction
A.2.3.5.3 WAAS

A.2.4 Other Considerations

A.2.4.1 Alternatives to GPS
A.2.4.2 Time To First Fix
A.2.4.3 Cold Start
A.2.4.4 Autonomous Start
A.2.4.5 Warm Start
A.2.4.6 Hot Start
A.2.4.7 Obscuration

A.2.5 GPS Technical Data
A.2.6 Assisted GPS

A.2.6.1 A-GPS Historical Background
A.2.6.2 How A-GPS Works

A.3 Terrestrial Network-Based Location Technologies

A.3.1 Overview
A.3.2 GSM

A.3.2.1 History of GSM
A.3.2.2 GSM Architecture

A.3.2.2.1 Mobile Station
A.3.2.2.2 Base Station Subsystem

A.3.2.2.2.1 BTS
A.3.2.2.2.2 BSC
A.3.2.2.2.3 LMU

A.3.2.2.3 Network and Switching Subsystem

A.3.2.2.3.1 MSC
A.3.2.2.3.2 HLR
A.3.2.2.3.3 VLR
A.3.2.2.3.4 EIR
A.3.2.2.3.5 SMLC
A.3.2.2.3.6 GMLC

A.3.2.2.4 Operations and Support Subsystem

A.3.2.3 GSM Location Management (Cell Handover for LBS)
A.3.2.4 GSM Basic Location Management

A.3.2.4.1 Cell ID
A.3.2.4.2 Cell and Sector
A.3.2.4.3 Timing Advance

A.3.3 Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) and Angle of Arrival (AOA)
A.3.4 What Happened to Enhanced Observed Time Difference (E-OTD)?
A.3.5 E-OTD versus TDOA
A.3.6 Comparing Handset-Based and Network-Based Location Strategies

A.4 RFID

A.4.1 RFID Overview
A.4.2 RFID Applications
A.4.3 RFID Dimensions
A.4.4 The Strategic Implications of Wal-Mart’s RFID Mandate

A.5 Wi-Fi/802.11x

A.5.1 Wi-Fi/802.11 Overview

A.5.1.1 FHSS
A.5.1.2 DSSS

A.5.2 Specifications Overview

A.5.2.1 801.11
A.5.2.2 802.11a
A.5.2.3 802.11b
A.5.2.4 802.11g

A.5.3 Wi-Fi Location Technology

A.5.3.1 Received Signal Strength (RSSI)
A.5.3.2 Pattern Matching
A.5.3.3 Wireless Grid

A.5.4 Location-Enabled Wi-Fi Applications

B. About the Author